marrder



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

C. A. MARRDER. Hot Air and Steam Engine.

N0. 233,268. Patented OCT. 12,1880. 3.5.1..

7. Y l s N-IFETERS, FMOmuTHOGRAPHER. wAsnlNGYoN, n cA 2 Sheets--SheetI 2,

(No Model.)

C. A. MARRDBR. Hot Air and Steam Engine. No. 233,268.

Patented Oct. 12, |880.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES A. MARRDER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

HOT-AIR AND STEAM ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 233,268, dated October 12, 1880. Application tiled August 12, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. MARRDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hot-Air and Steam Engines, of `which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to an improvement in hot-air and steam engines; and it consists in the combination, with a cylinder and a piston workin g in the same, of a water-jacket surrounding said cylinder and communicating with the same, heater for expanding the air in said cylinder, and air-pump for supplying air to said heater, substantially as hereinafter set forth.

Valves are provided for admitting air to the heater, as also for supplying and exhausting the cylinder, and a governor for regulating the speed of the engine.

The heater connected with the engine is constructed with a burner and provided with ducts for feeding the fuel to said burner, an air-chamber communicating with said burner and plunger or other mechanism for alternately establishing and cutting oft' the supply of air and fuel to the burner, as hereinafter set forth.

This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a vertical central section of the machine. Fig. 2 is a section in the plane am, Fignl. The remaining figure is a detail referred to in the proper place.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

In the drawings, the letterA designates the air-cylinder, in which slides a piston up and down, which is actuated by means of the crank P, which receives motion from the piston-rod G. On the descent of this piston the air in the lower part of the air-cylinder A is forced outthrough thelower valve, f, and tube f into the air-receiver B, while the upper part of the cylinder A is lled with air entering through the upper valve, e, at that part of the cylinder. On the upstroke of the piston the air above the piston flows into the receiver B through the upper valve, f, and air enters below through the valve e. A continuous tlow of air into the receiver B is thus kept up. From this receiver B the air iiows through the tube C to the air-reservoir D of the heater or lamp. The air is retained in this reservoir until the valve a is opened by means of the rod or plunger a', which receives motion from the bell-crank lever b b', operated` by the cam q on the revolving shaft E, which shaft is caused to revolve by a bevel-gear connecting it with the drivingshaft.

The burner D is preferably made domeshaped, and consists oftwo parts which contain the wick or absorbent material between them.

The oil, gas, or other fuel is contained in a tank, Q, and tlows through a duct, a", and a valve, o, into the space underneath the plunger a', and on the descent of the plunger the valve 0 is closed, the valve a opened, and the oil or fuel is forced through the duct a onto the wick or absorbent. The burner D is thus simultaneously supplied with air and fuel, and produces a sudden jet of flame whereby the air in the lower part ot' the cylinderOis heated and expands, forcing the piston H up to the position shown in the drawings, Fig. l.

1t is to be remarked that the llame in the burner D' is never entirely extinguished, but when the valves a and p are closed it continues to burn slowly. The burner D is lighted through the passage bit, closed by a cock, b2.

The piston, sliding in the cylinder O, is provided with two heads, H H, connected rigidly by a rod, G', inclosing a column of water between them, which slides up and down with the piston-heads. This column of water stands iu communication with the water-jacket R, surrounding the cylinder O, by means of openings h in said cylinder.

When the piston H H is ascending the airexhaust valve L and steam-valve N are closed and the steam-exhaust valve L is open, allowing the steam to tlow out. When the piston begins to descend the valve L is closed, and the air-exhaust valve L is opened, by the action of the valve-rod l, operated by the eccentric l* on the drivingshaft. At the same time the cam qvgopens the valve N, allowing steam from the water-jacket B to enter and press down the pistom The cam q also acts on the lever b b and reduces the size of the ame of the burner D. On descending the hot air'under the piston H H is forced through the valve L into the space 1, and thence IOO through the pipes m, passing through the water-jacket, and out through any suitable cxhaust in the upper part of the machine.

The water in the jacket R is thus heated and 5 a quantity of steam generated, which enters through the valve N and presses down the piston H H. At the same time the coluum of water contained between the piston H H passes down with these heads and comes into contact with the lower part of the cylinder O, which part has previously been heated by the hot air from the burner D. By this means the cylinder O is cooled, and part of the column of water between the piston-heads II H is converted into steam, which, passing out through the openings h, also passes through the valve N and helps to press down the piston Il Il.

The steam from the exhaust-valve L is led to any suitable condenser of ordinary construction. (Not showninthedrawings.) From this condenser it is pumped by the end of the rod l, which is made in the form of a. plunger, through the opening or tube K and valve k into the hollow columns I", and from thence into the receiver I'. This receiver I communicates with the water-jacket It through one or more hollow columns, 1, so that the quantity of water in the waterjacket It always remains constant.

A governor, S S, is provided to regulate the speed of the machine. The upper arms. r r, of the governor swing on hinges fastened to the hollow revolving shaft E, actuated by a bevel-gear on the main shaft.

The lower arms,t t, connect by pins with the inner shaft, T. These pins slide in slots in the outer shaft, E, and when the weights S S tly outward the shaft T is pulled up. As the cams q q are connected with the inner shaft, T, by pins sliding in slots in the outer shaft, the cams are raised up with said shaft T, and the lower portion of said cams comes into contact with the lever on which they act. As the raised portion of said cams is made tapering toward its lower end the action of the raised portion of the cams lasts for a lesser period of time, whereby the speed of the machine is soon reduced to the proper degree.

As the water-receiver I surrounds the aircylinder A the heat generated in said cylinder by the sliding of the piston and compression of the air is absorbed by the water in the receiver l' in the same manner as the water-jacket R absorbs the heat generated in the 5 cylinder O by the heater or burner D', thus preventing any loss of heat and economizing fuel.

In order to start the machine it is only necessary to light the burner D and close the opening bi, when the hot air and steam generated will act on the piston H H. To stop the engine it is only necessary to open the passage bt.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a hot-air and steam engine, with a cylinder, O, and piston working in the same, of a water-jacket, R, surrounding said cylinder and communicating with the same, as described, the heater for expanding the air in said cylinder, and an air-pump for su pplyingair to the said heater, all constructed and arranged to operate substantially as shown and set forth.

2. The combination, in a hot-air and steam engine with a cylinder, O, and piston H H, of a water-jacket, R, heater for expanding the nir in said cylinder, air-pump, and valve a, for intermittently admitting the air from said pump to the heater, substantially as set forth.

3. In a hot-air and steam engine, the combination, with a cylinder, O, and piston H H, of a water-jacket, R, heater for expanding the air in said cylinder, air-pump for supplying air to said heater, suitable valves communicatin g with the cylinder O, and a governor for regulating the speed of the machine, substantially as set forth.

4. In a hot-air and steam engine, the combination, with a cylinder, O, of a water-jacket, R, surrounding said cylinder and com municating with the same, and a double-headed piston workin g in said cylinder, said piston carryin g a column of water between its heads, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. A heater or lamp constructed with a burner, D', duct for feeding the fuel to said burner, air-chamber communicating with said burner, and plunger foralternately establishing and cutting oft' the sup ly of air and fuel to the burner, all constructe and arranged to operate substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, in a hot-air and steam engine with a cylinder, O, and piston H H, of a water-jacket, R, a heater for expanding the air in said cylinder, and an air-pump for supplying air to said heater, said piston H H being actuated by the alternate action of steam and hot air, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES A. MARRDER.

Witnesses J. VAN SANTvooRD, WILLIAM C. HAUFF. 

